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Abstract:This summarized thesis began to write in 1996 and has been written in every year. In this year, it consists of (1) magnetic super-thin film, (2) giant magnetoresistive material, (3) magnetic microscopic technique and application, (4) soft magnetic ferrite, (5) magnetic fluid material.

Abstract:以鈦合金在高溫變形過程中的物理機(jī)制為基礎(chǔ)，建立了鈦合金高溫變形時(shí)的位錯(cuò)密度和晶粒尺寸模型。將該微觀組織模型應(yīng)用于TC6合金的高溫變形，并用遺傳算法（GA）確定了模型中的8個(gè)材料常數(shù)。TC6合金的熱模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和定量金相實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證實(shí)：初生α相晶粒尺寸的計(jì)算值與實(shí)驗(yàn)值的平均誤差小于15．3％。

Abstract:為了研究Inconel 706合金宏觀偏析“黑斑”區(qū)相變行為及析出相的形成特征，對黑斑區(qū)和正常區(qū)的相析出特征進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的對比分析，并用熱力學(xué)相計(jì)算手段對合金黑斑區(qū)的相變規(guī)律和元素的熱力學(xué)平衡分配進(jìn)行了計(jì)算分析。結(jié)果認(rèn)為，Inconel 706合金宏觀偏析黑斑主要是由富Nb的Laves相和富Ti的η，δ相的嚴(yán)重偏聚粗化導(dǎo)致的。從黑斑的組織行為分析及熱力學(xué)相計(jì)算可以認(rèn)為，Nb在凝固過程中發(fā)生了極為明顯的枝晶間液態(tài)偏聚，同時(shí)Ti和Al也有一定程度的偏聚，這些元素不同程度的液態(tài)偏聚行為是造成合金黑斑區(qū)相富集的主要原因。

Abstract:Ni/n-SiO2 compositional coatings were electrodeposited by brush-plating with pulse-reverse current. Morphology, hardness, and tribological properties of the coatings were investigated and compared with those of Ni and composite coatings electrodeposited by brush-plating with direct current. The test results obtained indicate that Ni/n-SiO2 composite coatings electrodeposited by brush-plating with pulse-reverse current, because of the pulse-reverse current and the nano powders, possesses the fine crystal grains, high hardness and low friction coefficient, so it is a better wear-resistant coatings.

Abstract:Indentation microhardness testing was used to assess the microhardness of an EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) deposited on a single crystal Ni-base superalloy substrate. Tests performed using a Knoop indenter geometry reveal that there is an indentation size effect (ISE), namely that the apparent microhardness decrease significantly with increasing indentation test load. An energy balance analysis based on elastic/plastic indentation model was applied to analyze the apparent ISE and to extract the load-independent hardness from the experimental measurements.

Abstract:從高溫氧化動力學(xué)、組織的微觀進(jìn)化及高溫氧化機(jī)理3部分對Al4SiC4陶瓷在1200℃-1700℃的高溫氧化行為進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究。研究結(jié)果表明，Al4SiC4陶瓷具有優(yōu)異的高溫抗氧化性能。氧化動力學(xué)符合拋物線規(guī)律，其氧化活化能經(jīng)計(jì)算為220kJ／mol。XRD及SEM研究結(jié)果表明：Al4SiC4陶瓷在1200～1500℃的氧化表面物相為Al2O3和鋁硅酸鹽玻璃；而高溫氧化表面（1600℃～1700℃）的物相由Al2O3，莫來石和鋁硅酸鹽玻璃構(gòu)成。由氧化試樣橫截面觀察得知氧化層按其特征的不同分為3個(gè)部分：具有較多細(xì)小尺寸孔洞的反應(yīng)層；具有較大尺寸孔洞的中間層和致密的外氧化層。在高溫抗氧化機(jī)理部分中首先從熱力學(xué)上計(jì)算了氧化過程中各反應(yīng)的生成焓和吉布斯自由能；然后對高溫氧化過程進(jìn)行了推理和分析；最后根據(jù)上述試驗(yàn)及推理結(jié)果建立了Al4SiC4陶瓷的高溫抗氧化模型。

Abstract:采用光學(xué)金相(OM)和電子背散射衍射(EBSD)技術(shù)研究了高純鋁軋制變形的微觀組織、晶界角度分布和取向的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明:平行于軋向的形變微觀組織可分為具有明顯特征取向且包含的晶界以小于5°為主的帶狀組織(OAB)和取向散布寬度較大且包含的晶界以大于15°為主的帶狀組織(OSB);<5°,5°~10°,10°~15°和>15°4個(gè)級別的晶界角度水平面積率既與形變微觀組織的形貌相關(guān),也與其取向有關(guān)。

Abstract:The microscopic structure and evolution of ordered interphase boundary of Ni-Al-V alloy was investigated using microscopic phase-field model. The results show that three kinds of interphase boundaries are formed between LI2 phases, the width of the interphase boundaries are narrower, and of which one kind of interphase boundary is in equilibrium for the occupation probability of Al atoms. According to the different orientation variants of [ 10] and [01 ] of the projection of D022, there form eight kinds of interphase boundaries structure, in which the interphase boundaries are wider with the same orientation variants, and the occupation probability of V atoms reach the equilibrium value with different orientation variants. There are four kinds of interphase boundaries between the different phases. The occupation probability of atoms in the interphase boundaries reach the equilibrium value and two phase transit continuously, for one phase precipitate from the interphase boundary of another. With the precipitation process, the interphase boundaries formed in [01] direction of D022 transform from disordered to ordered and become narrower firstly and then dissolve into disordered phase.

Abstract:合成了3種新的多金屬氧酸鹽(CTMA)5BW12O40·8H2O,(CTMA)4SiW12O40·3H2O,(CTMA)3PW12O40·2H2O,利用元素分析、IR光譜和TG-DTA技術(shù)對其進(jìn)行了表征.IR光譜表明這些化合物不僅含有Keggin型結(jié)構(gòu),而且存在有機(jī)大陽離子的特征吸收峰;TG-DTA曲線顯示它們的熱行為是一個(gè)多步分解過程,首先這些化合物在大約269℃以下脫去水分子,然后它們的無水多金屬氧酸鹽經(jīng)歷了兩步或3步的分解過程,分別脫去CTMA分子及其碎片,并伴隨Keggin型結(jié)構(gòu)的塌陷.通過XRD和IR光譜確證其最終分解產(chǎn)物是一個(gè)含有WO3與B2O3,SiO2或P2O5的混合物.同時(shí)還提出了這些化合物可能的熱分解過程.

Abstract:利用XRD，SEM，EDS及TEM對TiAl／TiB2復(fù)合材料在靜止空氣中高溫氧化后的氧化膜結(jié)構(gòu)及其形成機(jī)制進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明：TiAl／TiB2復(fù)合材料的氧化膜主要由TiO2外層與由TiO2和Al2O3混合內(nèi)層構(gòu)成。TiO2和Al2O3混合內(nèi)層為孔洞較多的疏松狀結(jié)構(gòu)。TiO2外層亦可分為內(nèi)外兩層，TiO2的內(nèi)層部分存在一些與TiB2的輪廓相似的“孔洞”，TiO2的外層部分沒有此類孔洞。由于TiAl／TiB2復(fù)合材料中的TiB2被氧化后生成的B2O3在高溫下蒸發(fā)掉，使氧化膜中TiB2所處的位置留下了孔洞。因此，氧化膜中的部分孔洞是由于TiB2被氧化后產(chǎn)生的；氧化溫度達(dá)到1000℃時(shí)，TiAl／TiB2復(fù)合材料中的TiB2使氧化膜中的孔洞數(shù)量增加，復(fù)合材料的抗氧化性能急劇下降。

Abstract:研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Mg-5Zn-3Al-0.2Mn合金的砂型鑄造組織相組成為δ-Mg基體和τ(Mg32(Al,Zn)49)化合物。在343℃固溶17h后淬火,合金組織完全轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣倘荏w,力學(xué)性能最佳,σb=245MPa,δ=12%。合金中加入xCa后,組織發(fā)生變化。當(dāng)x=0.43%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))時(shí),相組成為δ-Mg+Mg-Zn-Al-Ca復(fù)雜化合物相。當(dāng)x=0.95%和1.80%時(shí),相組成為Mg-Zn-Al-Ca相+δ-Mg+Al2Ca。隨著x增加,鑄態(tài)合金室溫力學(xué)性能呈下降趨勢。加Ca合金在350℃固溶17h后淬火,室溫力學(xué)性能有所提高,而σb250o和σ02.520o則隨x增加而穩(wěn)步提高。

Abstract:分別以碳?xì)趾投S碳纖維為預(yù)制體，采用化學(xué)液相氣化滲入法結(jié)合熔融滲硅反應(yīng)法快速制備了C／C-SiC陶瓷復(fù)合材料。對這種材料的密度和氣孔率進(jìn)行了表征，并通過XRD，OM和SEM等方法對其相組成、顯微結(jié)構(gòu)和反應(yīng)機(jī)理進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明：不同預(yù)制體制備的C／C—SiC材料密度和氣孔率分別為～2．0g／cm^3和～1．0％。其相組成包括反應(yīng)生成β-SiC以及未反應(yīng)的游離Si和C。C／C—SiC中纖維被環(huán)狀的沉積碳包裹，生成SiC的反應(yīng)只發(fā)生在Si與沉積碳之間，纖維沒有損傷。Si，C和SiC各相分布和含量因預(yù)制體的不同而有明顯差異。

Abstract:用在（Ms＋30℃）溫度下的拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)和差示掃描量熱儀（DSC）較系統(tǒng)地研究了Ti44Ni47Nb9寬滯后形狀記憶合金應(yīng)力誘發(fā)馬氏體的相變行為。研究結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)形變量達(dá)到14％左右時(shí)，應(yīng)力誘發(fā)馬氏體相變過程基本完成。應(yīng)力誘發(fā)馬氏體的逆相變溫度間隔要比熱誘發(fā)馬氏體約小一個(gè)數(shù)量級。形變對該合金應(yīng)力誘發(fā)馬氏體的逆轉(zhuǎn)變開始溫度、逆轉(zhuǎn)變溫度間隔以及相變潛熱均有明顯影響，隨著拉伸變形量的增加而增加。而在隨后的冷卻循環(huán)中，相變潛熱和馬氏體相變開始溫度均隨著形變的增加緩慢降低。

Abstract:Based on life prediction of fatigue crack growth in a powder metallurgy, the residual strength interference model and life interference model are proposed to analyze the reliability of the fatigue crack growth. The reliability of the fatigue crack growth life of single inclusion is analyzed by the advanced first order and second moment method. In order to obtain the crack growth reliability of multiple inclusions existed in the structure, a new model, where the mean value of the random inclusion position is distributed uniformly, is presented. Comparing with the available model, where the mean value of the random inclusion position is at the center of the volume occupied by the corresponding inclusion, the new position distribution model is more safe and more suitable for engineering application. In the illustration, the above reliability method is applied to analyze the reliability of a powder metallurgy turbine disk. The results show that the position of the inclusion in the turbine disk has significant effect on the failure probability of the crack growth.

Abstract:The pure Mg2Ni intermetallic was synthesized by self-propagating combustion mode and thermal explosion mode respectively. And the reaction process of thermal explosion was researched under different preheat temperatures. The results show that solid combustion exists at lower temperatures, and the degree of reaction increase with the decrease of preheat rate. A further experiment of Combustion Front Quenching (CFQ) was carried out successfully in cylindrical steel mould by adding some Al-Ti-C powder that is accepted as a high exothermic system on the top of Mg-Ni samples. The physical and chemical changes of all region in the quenched samples during the combustion synthesis were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the Mg2Ni is directly synthesized rather than through other intermediates and the synthesis process of Mg2Ni can be express as: (1) solid combustion in the pre-combustion stage; (2) liquid combustion in the combustion process; (3) nucleation and crystallization of the product after the reaction; (4) uniformizing of the composition in the heat preservation stage.

Abstract:The aging behavior of Ni-Cr-Al ternary alloy are studied at temperature 1123 K, the early ordering process are simulated at atomic-scale with microscopic phase-field model. Precipitation mechanism of low supersaturated alloy Ni-15at.%Cr-10.5at.%Al is non-classical nucleation and growth, the precipitation process include three stages, i.e. the nucleation and growth of D022 ordering phase, nucleation of L12 ordering phase and transmit of L12 ordering phase from D022 ordering phase. The occupation possibilities of Al and Cr in L12 ordering phase are similar because of substitution behavior of Cr atom, Ni3(CrxAl1-x) structure are formed and coexist with D022 ordering phase. high supersaturated alloys show the congruent ordering and spinodal decomposition mechanism and the process of the ordering and clustering are precedent to low supersaturated alloys.

Abstract:采用第一原理贗勢平面波方法——CASTEP程序計(jì)算了4種B2型Y基金屬間化合物YH（X=Ag，Cu，In，Rh）的部分彈性性質(zhì)，計(jì)算結(jié)果與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道值基本一致。通過Pugh定律、Cauchy壓力和泊松比等經(jīng)驗(yàn)判據(jù)，分析并預(yù)測了它們的脆性／延性，其延性高低次序?yàn)椋篩Rh〉YAg〉YCu〉YIn。電子結(jié)構(gòu)分析表明：這4種金屬間化合物良好的延性源于其較強(qiáng)的金屬鍵，而不同程度的Y（d）-X（p）電子雜化則導(dǎo)致了其延性的差異。YIn中因In的P電子較多，雜化程度高，共價(jià)鍵方向性強(qiáng)，因而延展性最低，而YRh則由于存在Y（d）-Rh（d）電子間強(qiáng)的相互作用，增強(qiáng)了其金屬鍵作用，因而延性最好。

Abstract:Based on test data from hot process simulator, a Kumar type constitutive equation for TC11 ahoy is established in this paper. Applying this cortstitutive equation in commercial FEM software of MSC /Autoforge, hot die forging process of TC11 alloy turbine disc is then simulated. The results show that the Kumar-type constitutive relationship meets the practical need to a great extent.

Abstract:研究了Ti-45Al-9（Nb，W,B，Y）兩相合金分別在760℃和815℃時(shí)，應(yīng)力值在80MPa-300MPa區(qū)間的蠕變行為。蠕變前合金的顯微組織為均勻細(xì)小的雙態(tài)組織。將研究結(jié)果與高鈮TiAl合金全片層組織的蠕變性能進(jìn)行了對比，發(fā)現(xiàn)所研究的雙態(tài)組織合金具有相對較弱的蠕變抗力，其最小蠕變速率較全片層組織Ti46A18．5Nb0．1C0．2B合金的要高1個(gè)數(shù)量級。蠕變應(yīng)力指數(shù)表明，該合金在760℃～815℃2，80MPa-300 MPa的蠕變條件下，合金的蠕變受位錯(cuò)攀移控制。

Abstract:測定了氘化對Zr3V3ODx物相的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)Zr3V30Dx氘化物只有x≥2．0才能穩(wěn)定存在，由于氘在晶格中的占位不同，隨氘含量增加分別出現(xiàn)兩種η-碳化物相的氘化物——β相和γ相。對Zr3V3ODx氘化物的熱解析行為研究表明：Zr3V30Dx氘化物的穩(wěn)定性隨氘含量的增加而降低，β聲相和γ相表現(xiàn)出不同的解析行為，其變化規(guī)律與Zr3V3ODx氘化物中的氘占位原則相一致。

Abstract:采用加工圖理論分析了TC17（Ti-5Al-4Mo-4Cr-2Sn-2Zr）鈦合金在高溫變形過程中的片狀α球化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明：用加工圖理論分析材料的高溫變形行為能準(zhǔn)確直觀地反映出材料在不同變形條件下的組織演變規(guī)律。分析加工圖發(fā)現(xiàn)：TC17合金在840℃～870℃，應(yīng)變速率0．5s^-1～3s^-1之間變形是片狀α組織球化的理想?yún)^(qū)域，此時(shí)對應(yīng)的能量耗散效率值為45％左右；在850℃～910℃，較高應(yīng)變速率（〉5s^-1）下對TC17合金加工易發(fā)生流變不穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)象，形成絕熱剪切帶。

Abstract:在Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B材料中適當(dāng)增加Cu的含量，可以使淬態(tài)薄帶納米化。隨薄帶中Cu含量的增加，在淬態(tài)薄帶Fe74.5-xCuxNb3Si13.5B9中可觀察到巨磁阻抗效應(yīng)的增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)象。高Cu含量（x≥2）試樣的磁導(dǎo)率的變化率要遠(yuǎn)大于低Cu含量（x≤1．5）試樣的相應(yīng)數(shù)值。磁導(dǎo)率變化的大小與磁阻抗效應(yīng)相關(guān)。高Cu含量有效增加了軟磁α-Fe（Si）立方相的成核，提高了淬態(tài)薄帶材料的軟磁性。

Abstract:采用傳統(tǒng)陶瓷的制備方法，制備出Sb2O3摻雜的（Na0．84K0．16）0．5Bi0．5TiO3的無鉛壓電陶瓷。XRD分析表明，Sb2O3的摻雜量在0．1％～0．6％（質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)）范圍內(nèi)都能夠形成純鈣鈦礦（ABO3）型固溶體。陶瓷材料的介電常數(shù)-溫度曲線顯示陶瓷在升溫過程中存在兩個(gè)介電常數(shù)溫度峰，結(jié)合不同溫度下的電滯回線觀測，認(rèn)為兩個(gè)介電峰分別是材料的鐵電-反鐵電和反鐵電-順電相變，寬化的介電峰同時(shí)也表明所研究陶瓷具有馳豫鐵電體特征。測試了不同組成陶瓷的壓電性能，在Sb2O3摻雜量為0．1％時(shí)陶瓷的壓電常數(shù)d33=124pC／N，為所研究組成中的最大值，平面機(jī)電耦合系數(shù)kp=24．87％，略有下降，材料的介電常數(shù)ε33^T／ε0和介質(zhì)損耗tanδ則隨摻雜量的增加而增加。

Abstract:The rare-earth-based AB5-type Mm(NiMnSiAl)4.3Co0.6-xFex (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6) hydrogen storage alloys were prepared by casting and rapid quenching. The microstructures of the as-cast and quenched alloys were analyzed by XRD, SEM and TEM, and electrochemical cycle stability of the as-cast and quenched alloys were measured. The effects of substitution Fe for Co on microstructures and electrochemical cycle stability of the as-cast and quenched alloys were investigated in detail. The obtained results show that the effects of substitution Fe for Co on the phase structures of the as-cast and quenched alloys are imperceptible, but its effects on electrochemical cycle stability of the alloys are notable. The substitution Fe for Co can improve the cycle stability of the as-cast and quenched alloys. Especially, substitution Fe for Co can significantly enhance the cycle lives of the as-quenched alloys, which is mainly attributed to the grain refinement caused by substitution Fe for Co.

Abstract:采用相轉(zhuǎn)移法制備富鋰摻鋅的錳酸鋰前驅(qū)體，然后在空氣中進(jìn)行焙燒反應(yīng)合成了尖晶石型的Li1＋yZnxMn2-xO4粉體材料，并測試其結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)特征。考察了該法合成的工藝條件對合成試樣粉體產(chǎn)物電化學(xué)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)nLi：nZn：nMn=1．1：0．1：1．9時(shí)，反應(yīng)時(shí)間為2h，在750℃空氣環(huán)境下焙燒10h合成試樣粉體過程較為簡單，電極試樣以10mA／g的恒電流密度充電至4．5V，并以相同的10mA／g恒電流密度放電至3．0V，其放電平臺穩(wěn)定在3．9V，比容量達(dá)到120mAh／g，性能穩(wěn)定。

Abstract:The Ni5W alloy substrates with higher strength, lower magnetism and cubic texture were prepared by a powder metallurgy method for YBCO second-generation coated conductor. The results show that the cube texture fraction in the substrate increases obviously with increasing reduction and heat-treatment temperature. X-ray results show that raising total reduction increases actually quantities of cubic grains and nuclei in cold deformed samples. It can be seen that the time corresponding peak of the curve decreases according to relationship between heat-treatment time and (200) preferential orientation, which illustrates that temperature raises the grow rate of cube nuclei. As the results, the better process and excellent Ni5W substrate with 99%~100% cube textured fraction have been obtained by the study.

Abstract:In the paper, the microstructure of PS45 coatings prepared by high velocity electric wire arc spraying was investigated by scanning electron microscope. Bonding strength was tested by electron tensile testing machine. The interface morphology of PS45 coatings was acquired by means of picture analysis and processing technology, the computing programs of fractal dimensions and multifractal spectrum were designed in Matlab language. The relations of the bonding strength to spray voltage and fractal dimension and multifractal spectrum were discussed. The results of analysis and calculation show that the better the bonding strength of PS45 coatings is, the more complicated the interface morphology and bigger fractal dimensions are. With spray voltage gone up, the better the interface uniformity is, the smaller the spectrum width is.

Abstract:利用氯化釕和碳酸氫鈉為反應(yīng)前驅(qū)體,采用溶膠凝膠方法制備了粒徑小于70nm的超細(xì)氧化釕電極材料。將材料在210℃下加熱燒結(jié)處理后,材料具有良好的表面特性和最大電化學(xué)比容量541F·g-1。當(dāng)燒結(jié)溫度在250℃以上時(shí),氧化釕材料明顯晶化,同時(shí)材料比容量迅速降低。伏安特性測試表明以碳納米管作為基體制備復(fù)合電極可以顯著改善氧化釕的容量特性,其中碳納米管質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為20%的復(fù)合電極其比容量可以達(dá)到860F·g-1。恒流充放電測試證明氧化釕/碳納米管復(fù)合電極組成的超電容器具有良好的大電流放電特性。還綜合采用掃描電子顯微鏡、X射線衍射、熱失重分析等手段探討了燒結(jié)溫度對氧化釕材料的表面特性、材料結(jié)構(gòu)以及電化學(xué)特性的影響。

Abstract:Solid-state method and wet method were employed to synthesize spinel compounds LiNixMn2-xO4.The experimental results indicate that the capacity of high voltage at 4.7 V increase with the increase of amount of Ni. There are impurities in LiNixMn2-xO4 which were made by solid-state method. The sample LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 had a capacity of 121 mAh/g at first cycle, in which 100 mAh/g was at high voltage range. Its cycle retention rate after 50 cycles was over 92%. The LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 synthesized by wet method show a single spinel phase without impurity phase. It deliver a discharge capacity of 140 mAh/g in the first cycle, in which 125 mAh/g was at high voltage range. Its cycle retention rate after 50 cycles was over 96%. The XPS experiment results indicate that the oxidation states of Ni and Mn in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 made by wet method are +2 and +4 respectively.

Abstract:The Mg-Ni alloys with different Ni content were prepared by high-energy ball milling. Their structures were determined with X-ray diffraction and their discharge capacities as an electrode were tested. The results show that, as the Ni content increase from Mg2Ni, Mg1.5Ni to MgNi (the ratio of the atom), the structure of Mg-Ni alloy changed from nano-Mg2Ni, amorphous-MgNi to nano-MgNi. The Mg-Ni alloys with different structure exhibit different discharge capacities. As the increase of Ni content, the number of nano-MgNi increase and the discharge capacity could reached 500 mAh/g. As the milling time prolonged, the nano-MgNi with scarcely nano-Ni could be attained. As there was almost no nano-Ni, its discharge capacity is decreased.

Abstract:采用粉末冶金法制備了20％Ti-6Al-4V顆粒增強(qiáng)MB15鎂基復(fù)合材料的試樣。按照阿基米得法檢測了不同狀態(tài)試樣的密度，借助光鏡和掃描電鏡探索了擠壓棒變形和組織的特點(diǎn)，并結(jié)合室溫拉伸試驗(yàn)研究了熱擠壓變形對試樣組織及力學(xué)性能的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明：燒結(jié)態(tài)的密度較低，而熱擠后的密度已接近理論值：擠壓棒的變形和組織都不均勻：二次擠壓可以進(jìn)一步細(xì)化晶粒、提高復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能；Ti-6Al-4V顆?？梢杂脕韽?qiáng)化鎂合金，且其增強(qiáng)效果明顯好于SiC陶瓷顆粒。

Abstract:采用Ni-51Cr（含質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為51％Cr）焊料高溫釬焊再結(jié)晶SiC陶瓷，研究了連接溫度、保溫時(shí)間以及焊料量等對接頭三點(diǎn)抗彎強(qiáng)度的影響，并對連接界面區(qū)域的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)及焊料反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了SEM，EDS及XRD分析。在本試驗(yàn)中，當(dāng)連接溫度為1360℃，保溫時(shí)間為5min，焊料量為350mg時(shí)得到的接頭三點(diǎn)抗彎強(qiáng)度最高，為74．2MPa。微觀結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)果表明：SiC，Ni和Cr均發(fā)生了擴(kuò)散；在母材SiC與焊料中間層之間，生成了一反應(yīng)層，反應(yīng)層的主要成分為Ni2Si和C：而Cr主要分布于焊料中間層中，以Cr23C6，Cr7C3等形式存在。

Abstract:用真空電弧熔煉制備（Gd1-xREx）5Si4（x=0．1，0．2，0．3，0．35）和（Gd1-xHox）5Si4（x=0．05，0．15，0．25）系列合金，在950℃下168h的真空熱處理后，對其晶體結(jié)構(gòu)、居里溫度進(jìn)行了研究。室溫XRD分析發(fā)現(xiàn)該系列合金仍保持Gd5Si4的Sm5Ge4正交型結(jié)構(gòu)，采用Rietveld法分析計(jì)算發(fā)現(xiàn)合金晶格常數(shù)隨著X量的增加而逐漸減小。試樣M-T磁化曲線測量結(jié)果表明：居里溫度瓦在336K～260K連續(xù)可調(diào)，改變RE的含量可以得到不同的居里溫度Tc;Tc近似呈線性變化，由此得出估計(jì)（Gd1-xREx）5Si4（RE=Dy，Ho）的Tc的計(jì)算公式。

Abstract:NiB powder was prepared by mechanically alloying in this paper and was composited mechanically with MgNi amorphous alloy. The effect of NiB on structure and electrochemical performance of MgNi-electrode was studied. The XRD analysis show that MgNi-NiB composite is amorphous phase. The electrochemical characteristics of this composite were also studied. The cycle life of the MgNi-NiB electrode is improved.

Abstract:Plating Cu on TiNi/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate in the HF+CuSO4 solution by separated electrodes chemical method was discussed in this essay. Si and TiNi/Ti/SiO2/Si are used as the anode and cathode. The best condition for the plating is as followings: distance for the electrodes is 0.5 mm, [HF] and [CuSO4] more than 8 wt% and 0.045 mol/L. Finally uniform deposited Cu film with complete coverage, few voids and preference of <111> is obtained. Also deposited Cu film does not contain Cu2O, which reduces the resistivity.

Abstract:在0.5 mo1·L-1鹽酸介質(zhì)中,La(Ⅲ)-(DBC-偶氮氯膦)所形成的絡(luò)合物可吸附到201×7型苯乙烯陰離子樹脂上.該固相顯色體系最大吸收波長位于650 nm,鑭的表觀摩爾吸光系數(shù)為ε650nm=2.08×l05L·mol-1·cm-1.該固相分光光度法測定鑭靈敏度為La(Ⅲ)-(DBC-偶氮氯膦)液相分光光度法靈敏度的2.31倍.鑭在0～0.44 μg.ml-1范圍內(nèi)遵守比爾定律.考察了26種共存離子對測定鑭的影響.本研究所建立的方法已成功地用于分子篩中鑭的測定,結(jié)果滿意.

Abstract:The determination of impurity elements of Sn, P, Ca, Nb, Ta, Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Mn, Bi and Fe in tungsten concentrates have been studied using ICP-MS. After the samples were completely liquated by Na202-NaOH, tungsten was precipitated in the form of H2WO4 and separated from the solution on the addition of water and nitric acid. Adding internal standard elements of ^45Sc, ^115In, ^205T1 to the sample solution, the effect of matrix, interface and fluctuation of instrument has been overcome effectively by use of matrix match and internal standard calibration method. By choosing the optional operation parameters and appropriate isotopes of element to be detected, the influence of mass spectrometry interference has been conquered effectively. The effect of acidity on the separation of tungsten and detected elements has been tested. The recovery for spiking sample was 90.5%-101.5%, and the relative standard deviation was 1.2%-7.8%. This method is a simple, rapid and accurate method, and it could be used in the testing of tungsten concentrates and tungsten products.