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Abstract:The fluorescence character of the Eu2+ as a kind of activator in the alkaline earth aluminates and the effect factors on the phosphorescent properties were discussed. The methods of preparing long afterglow phosphors based on aluminates and the mechanism were analyzed, and finally the application fields were also introduced.

Abstract:Flux pinning mechanism in superconducting NbTi composites with Ti5wt%Nb artificial pinning center is analyzed in detail. The results show that Fp(B) mainly depends on normal metal pinning mechanism and Dk pinning mechanism. The results suggeste that both normal metal pinning mechanism and Dk pinning mechanism are very important. The value of Fp(B) in lower magnetic field is mainly dominated by normal metal pinning mechanism and the value of Fp(B) in higher magnetic field is mainly dominated by Dk pinning mechanism. The function value of Fp(B) dependant on normal metal pinning mechanism and Dk pinning mechanism increase respectively with the decrease of the wire diameter.

Abstract:The microscopic lattice kinetic model of aging process was build, using the coupling of the theory of microscopic elastic energy and microscopic diffusion equation. Taking a binary cubic model alloy with 14% (solute atom percent) as a example, the coarsening behavior of coherent precipitants was simulated. The results show that the main precipitation mechanism is nucleation and growth, while transient spinodal decomposition can also occur; In the presence of coherent mismatch, plate-like precipitants are formed, and tend to align along the elastically soft directions. During its coarsening process, particles lying in the soft directions grow and coarsen further, particles lying out of the soft directions dwindle. The coarsening process of the particles sitting in the same row or column obey that smaller particles shrink and larger ones grow.

Abstract:After the crystal structure of LaNi5 being analyzed, it has been included that there may be three twelve-face polyhedrons, nine octahedrons, six hexahedrons and thirty six tetrahedrons in an unit cell of LaNi5. The interstice radii of tetrahedron is smaller than that of hydrogen atom, so the tetrahedrons can not storage hydrogen. Then there will be 18 hydrogen atoms that can be storaged in an unit cell. This means that the ratio of hydrogen atom to metal atom is H/M=1. The maximum hydrogen capacity of LaNi5 is 1.379%.

Abstract:基于多元素靶濺射的Andersen-Sigmund關(guān)系式，在分析了大量的二、三元素合金濺射穩(wěn)定態(tài)靶表面化學(xué)成分的變化之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)各元素之間表面結(jié)合能之比幾乎與靶體化學(xué)成分無(wú)關(guān)。只要給各元素之間設(shè)定適當(dāng)?shù)谋砻娼Y(jié)合能比，就可以很容易地計(jì)算出三元合金靶穩(wěn)定態(tài)表面化學(xué)成分，至少對(duì)于用2keV氬離子轟擊的Ag-Pd-Au三元合金靶系來(lái)說(shuō)，其計(jì)算結(jié)果都與實(shí)驗(yàn)值一致。所分析的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)是在常溫下取得的，所以可不考慮離子轟擊誘發(fā)的Gibbs偏析，其結(jié)論很可能是多元合金靶濺射的一般規(guī)律。此外，由Gaidikas等最近所提出的所謂擇優(yōu)濺射中的“基體效應(yīng)”理論是無(wú)實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)的。

Abstract:The structures of Ti alloy melted by cold-Cu mold non-consumable-electrode arc furnace change from equiaxed structure in chill layer to columnar structure, dendritic structure and equiaxed structure along the radial direction in turn. Based on temperature epuation, the relation between temperature grads of liquid- solid interface and time, the relation between the ratio of temperature grads of liquid- solid interface to solidification velocity and time were established. Used these relations and liquid-solid interface stability dynamic, the structure change was explained. The hardness on different location were different, which can be explained by theory of plastic deformation combined with quantitative metallogenetic.

Abstract:Vapor doping affects the PTCR effect in BaTiO3 ceramics distinctly. Doping B2O3 vapor in BaTiO3 results in the expanding of the grain lattice cell. Thus, boron interstitial may get into BaTiO3 grain lattice. The room temperature resistance of Y-BaTiO3 decreases and the PTCR effect increases distinctly through the doping of B2O3 vapor. Given the same sintering condition, doping with higher level of the vapor B2O3 source results in the higher PTCR effect. The interstitial boron ion and/or its complex can act as trap center and enhance the PTCR effect of the ceramics.

Abstract:Using DSC, TEM and compress test, the effect of deformation on martensitic transformation and microstructure of the Ni-Mn-Ga alloy has been investigated. The mechanism of increase of martensitic transformation hysteresis after optimum plastic deformation has been discussed by thermodynamics and kinetics of martensitic transformation. The results show that the martensitic transformation temperatures keep constant, but reverse transformation temperatures sharply increase with an increase of the pre-deformation strain. The increase of transformation hysteresis in the alloy is mainly due to the release of the elastic energy deposited at the boundary induced by the plastic deformation.

Abstract:利用熱重分析(TGA)測(cè)量了原位生成的TiC／Ti-6Al復(fù)合材料在600，700和800℃下經(jīng)連續(xù)20h的氧化增重特性，利用SEM，EDS和XRD研究了復(fù)合材料經(jīng)氧化試驗(yàn)后表面氧化層的結(jié)構(gòu)，相組成及成分。結(jié)果表明，原位生成的Ti基復(fù)合材料在高溫氧化時(shí)遵循拋物線規(guī)律在800℃時(shí)的氧化增重量遠(yuǎn)大于600℃和700℃時(shí)的，計(jì)算獲得該復(fù)合材料的氧化激活能為255．7kJ／mol。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)20h的600℃或700℃氧化形成的氧化物呈現(xiàn)不連續(xù)的島嶼狀，主要成分為金紅石型的Ti02，而在800℃氧化20h后，氧化物是均勻連續(xù)的致密膜，由TiO2，A12O3組成。該復(fù)合材料的氧化首先發(fā)生在TiC顆粒的表面上，而不是象均質(zhì)Ti材料一樣氧化在整個(gè)表面上均勻地發(fā)生。

Abstract:The phase structures and the electrochemical properties of the TiV-based hydrogen storage electrode alloy Ti0.8Zr0.2V2.4 Mn0.48Cr0.72Ni0.9 after rapid solidification have been studied. It is found by XRD analysis that the alloy mainly consists of C14 Laves phase with hexagonal structure and V-based solid solution phase with BCC structure. The rapid solidification leads to the decrease in content of the C14 Laves phase in the alloy. Electrochemical analyses show that the rapid solidification reduces the maximum discharge capacity, increases the activation cycles, elevates the surface reaction resistance and worsens the kinetic properties of the alloy electrode. However, the cyclic stability of the alloy electrode is improved greatly after rapid solidification.

Abstract:研制了新型集成電路引線框架Cu-Cr-Zr系列合金，通過(guò)電導(dǎo)率、硬度、抗拉強(qiáng)度測(cè)試以及透射電鏡觀察，考察了微量合金元素La，F(xiàn)e／Ti，Co／Ti元素以及時(shí)效工藝對(duì)合金性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：稀土元素La可以改善A合金(Cu-Cr-Zr-Zn)的硬度及導(dǎo)電率；加入Fe／Ti，Co／Ti元素，大大提高了合金的強(qiáng)度和硬度，并使其時(shí)效的強(qiáng)度及硬度峰值延后。在970℃固溶處理、70％冷變形及不同溫度時(shí)效2h后，A合金(Cu-Cr-Zr-Zn)及B合金(Cu-Cr-Zr-Zn-La)在450℃時(shí)達(dá)到硬度和強(qiáng)度峰值，分別為HV1770MPa和525MPa及HV1840MPa和554MPa，電導(dǎo)率分別為78％和80％IACS；在970℃固溶處理，60％冷變形，500℃時(shí)效2h，50％冷變形及不同溫度2次時(shí)效2h后，C合金(Cu-Cr-Zr-Zn-Fe-Ti-La)及D合金(Cu-Cr-Zr-Zn-Co-Ti-La)在450℃時(shí)達(dá)到硬度和強(qiáng)度峰值，分別為HV2120MPa，683MPa及HV2040MPa和651MPa，電導(dǎo)率分別為65％和70％IACS。

Abstract:采用重鉻酸鉀法對(duì)Cu-Zn-Al形狀記憶合金進(jìn)行鈍化。應(yīng)用化學(xué)浸泡和電化學(xué)方法研究了鈍化Cu-Zn-Al形狀記憶合金在Tyrodes 人工體液中的耐蝕性能。俄歇電子能譜(AES)和X射線能譜(EDX)分析表明,鈍化CuZnAl 形狀記憶合金表面膜層主要由(CrCu)2O3(CuZn)OxH2O的水合尖晶石氧化物組成,該膜層附著力良好、平整、均勻、呈彩虹色花紋。鈍化改善和提高了CuZnAl 形狀記憶合金在Tyrodes 人工體液中的耐蝕性能、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性和抗色變能力,這是由于鈍化合金表面形成熱力學(xué)穩(wěn)定的阻礙膜層及其化學(xué)效應(yīng),有效地抑制了合金的脫鋅腐蝕。

Abstract:采用懸浮熔煉和球磨方法制備了CoSb2合金粉末,并研究了它的電化學(xué)吸放鋰性能.研究結(jié)果表明,具有marcasite結(jié)構(gòu)的CoSb2 的首次可逆容量為263 mAh·g-1, 相應(yīng)的體積比容量為2 130 mAh·cm-3.經(jīng)過(guò) 15 個(gè)循環(huán)后,其可逆容量衰減到 123 mAh·g-1.在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),把中間相微碳球(MCMB)加入到CoSb2 中不僅能改善其循環(huán)壽命,而且也能夠明顯提高其可逆容量.非原位XRD 測(cè)試的結(jié)果表明,雖然 marcasite 結(jié)構(gòu)的CoSb2 本身并不能存儲(chǔ)鋰,但其結(jié)構(gòu)破壞后形成的銻能與鋰進(jìn)行可逆的電化學(xué)反應(yīng).

Abstract:Rapidly solidified Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe and Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr alloys were prepared by a melt spinning method. As-quenched and as-annealed microstructures were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometry(XRD), EDS and HREM. The influence of the Cr element doping on the as-quenched and as-annealed microstructure and microhardness of rapidly solidified Al-Ti-Fe alloy was also studied.

Abstract:The effect of alloy elements on the quasi-solid solidification behavior of Al-4.5Cu alloy has been studied. The results indicate that Si and La can reduce the hot cracking tendency of Al-4.5Cu; adding 2%Si to matrix, the releasement of crystallization enthalpies makes the recalescence very severe, so the alloy cracks and cant have high strength; Al4.5Cu3Si has a strong ability of compensation and its fracture stress is highest among the Al-Cu-Si alloys; adding of La can reduce the secondary dendrite arm spacing, and the hot cracking properties are improved obviously.

Abstract:研究了大塑性變形-反應(yīng)燒結(jié)TiAl合金的高溫壓縮屈服強(qiáng)度。結(jié)果表明：高能球磨顯著改善了燒結(jié)TiAl合金的壓縮性能，同時(shí)其壓縮性能還取決于燒結(jié)工藝。球磨1h粉末擠壓坯經(jīng)1250℃燒結(jié)4h后，800℃時(shí)的壓縮屈服強(qiáng)度最高，達(dá)到620MPa，且與其實(shí)溫值相當(dāng)：而經(jīng)1250℃燒結(jié)不同時(shí)間的未球磨粉末燒結(jié)體，800℃時(shí)壓縮屈服強(qiáng)度最高僅為485MPa。因此，采用大塑性變形-反應(yīng)燒結(jié)工藝制備高性能TiAl合金是可行的。

Abstract:采用Sol-gel法制備出氣敏材料La0．68Pb0．32FeO3納米粉體。該粉體材料具有正交鈣鈦礦結(jié)構(gòu)，晶胞參數(shù)a=0．55562nm，b=0．55965nm，c=0．78185nm，晶胞體積v=0．2431nm^3，平均粒徑約為20nm。用該粉體制成氣敏元件，并測(cè)試了該粉體材料在乙醇、丙酮和汽油中的氣敏特性，測(cè)試結(jié)果表明：相比空氣而言，在乙醇?xì)夥罩械腖a0．68Pb0．32FeO3電導(dǎo)值升高，呈現(xiàn)出n．型半導(dǎo)體載流子的導(dǎo)電特性；在丙酮和汽油氣氛中的La0．68Pb0．32FeO3的電導(dǎo)值降低，呈現(xiàn)出p-型半導(dǎo)體載流子的導(dǎo)電特性。該材料對(duì)乙醇具有極高的氣敏靈敏性，在0．01％的乙醇?xì)夥罩校`敏度可達(dá)51；在0．1％的乙醇?xì)夥罩校`敏度高達(dá)522。最佳工作溫度區(qū)間在180℃～220℃。La0．68Pb0．32FeO3對(duì)丙酮和汽油也具有一定的靈敏性，在0．05％丙酮?dú)夥罩械撵`敏度為30，最佳工作溫度區(qū)間在220℃～260℃在0．1％汽油氣氛中的靈敏度為5．0。La0．68Pb0．32FeO3納米粉體具有電子與空穴復(fù)合導(dǎo)電機(jī)制。

Abstract:在NH4OH-(NH4)2CO3沉淀體系中用相轉(zhuǎn)移分離法制備了La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85(LSGM1020)固體電解質(zhì)前驅(qū)體,并在較低的燒結(jié)溫度得到了純度較高,雜質(zhì)含量低的電解質(zhì)陶瓷.用XRD,Raman光譜,直流四電極,交流阻抗譜和掃描電鏡分析了電解質(zhì)的晶體結(jié)構(gòu),電化學(xué)性能和顯微結(jié)構(gòu).XRD和Raman分析表明LSGM1020電解質(zhì)具有菱方鈣鈦礦結(jié)構(gòu),800oC時(shí)測(cè)量得到的氧離子電導(dǎo)率達(dá)到0.12S?cm-1.SEM和交流阻抗分析表明,燒結(jié)體具有良好的微觀結(jié)構(gòu).采用相轉(zhuǎn)移分離法合成LSGM1020有利于降低燒結(jié)溫度,改善電解質(zhì)的性能.

Abstract:A lot of experiments about the anodization of A0 pure aluminum in oxalic acid solution were carried out. The technology parameters were decided, including the anode current density, the oxidization time and the temperature of the electrolyte solution. During the anode oxidization of the pool shell, some special key technologies were solved, including the oxidization technology of large equipment, the technology of the treatment with layer by layer and sealing with thin plastic films, the selection of the power, the circular cooling of the electrolyte solution, etc. Treating the whole pool shell with such measures, the abilities of the corrosion-proof and protection were greatly improved. The nuclear reactor has run for 37 years (from 1964 to 2001), by now the oxidization film on the surface of the pool shell is still bright. It can confirm that treating of the whole pool shell is successful and necessary, which can provide the help and reference for building the same model nuclear reactors.

Abstract:In inert gas, pure Ni nanopowders were prepared by anodic arc discharged plasma method utilizing self-designed and fabricated experimental apparatus, and the influence of arc current and gas pressure on the production rate and particle size of metal nanopowders in the process was studied. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding electron diffraction (ED) to determine the morphology, crystal microstructure, the size and size distribution. The experiment results revealed that Ni nanopowders with particle size range from 20 nm to 100 nm can be obtained by using the suitable controlled experimental apparatus. The production rate and particle size increase with raising arc current or gas pressure when other factors are fixed. The crystal structure of Ni nanopowders is the same as the bulk materials, is fcc phase.

Abstract:用直流反應(yīng)磁控濺射法制備了玻璃基TiO2薄膜。濺射過(guò)程中，Ar氣的分壓保持在0．8SPa不變，而O2的分壓在0．10Pa～0．6SPa之間變化：鍍膜試樣在400℃～550℃之間進(jìn)行熱處理。用掃描電鏡(SEM)、透射電鏡(TEM)和紫外．可見(jiàn)光譜儀研究了薄膜的表面形貌、薄膜沉積速率和光學(xué)帶隙寬度。結(jié)果表明，隨著氧氣分壓從0．10Pa增加到0．6SPa，薄膜沉積速率從4．4nm／min下降到2．2nm／min，光學(xué)帶隙從3．67eV下降到3．59eV，薄膜表面呈現(xiàn)出均勻的納米晶粒和納米孔：550℃熱處理有助于較致密薄膜形成納米晶粒和納米孔，并降低帶隙寬度。

Abstract:A novel method for preparing biomimetic bioactive calcium phosphate coatings on the electric materials was put forward. In the method the functional groups containing calcium element were first grafted on the surface of the electric materials by sonoelectrochemical method. When the modified materials were dipped into supersaturated calcium phosphate solution for a period of time, the calcium phosphate crystal would grow on the surface. By this technology, bioactive OCP coating has been successfully prepared on carbon/carbon composites, and biomimetic activation was realized on bioinert carbon/carbon composites.

Abstract:發(fā)展了一種新的VO2薄膜制備方法—V2O5熔化成膜法，其基本步驟為：基片預(yù)處理—涂粉—熔化成膜—真空退火—VO2薄膜。采用XRD和XPS等手段，對(duì)所得薄膜的物相組成與價(jià)態(tài)進(jìn)行了分析，同時(shí)對(duì)薄膜進(jìn)行了電阻隨溫度變化的測(cè)試。結(jié)果表明：通過(guò)該方法獲得的薄膜，其主要成分是VO2，電阻突變達(dá)到4個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)，相變溫度為67．5℃。

Abstract:Metallization is necessary for some packaging substrates. It is the key of metallization to improve the adhesion strength between copper plate and ceramic substrates. The adhesion between copper plate and ceramic substrates generally should be more than 15 MPa. Electroplated copper on alumina and aluminum nitride substrates has been studied. It is found that the roughening surface of the substrates can improve the adhesion. The technology of depositing copper plate and the testing methods of adhesion are also studied.

Abstract:Scandium oxide bodies doped tungsten have been made by both mechanical mixing scandium oxide with tungsten powder and scandate aqueous solution doping tungsten oxide. The distribution of scandium in the bodies and the anti-ion bombarding property of the Sc-type cathode have been studied by SEM and In Situ AES. For bodies made by aqueous solution- solid doping method, Sc2O3 distributed uniformly in the body. This structure is beneficial for diffusion and supplement of scandate to the suface. In Situ AES ion bombarding experimental results show that this kind of body has better anti-ionbombing property at high temperature.

Abstract:采用機(jī)械合金化．放電等離子燒結(jié)工藝(MA-SPS)，在200℃～600℃之間制備了納米晶CoSb3合金塊體材料。采用XRD和TEM對(duì)材料的相組成和微觀組織進(jìn)行了測(cè)試分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，燒結(jié)前粉末為高能球磨得到的平均晶粒尺寸為20nm～35nm的納米晶CoSb3粉末，SPS燒結(jié)后CoSb3合金塊體的平均晶粒尺寸小于100nm，其致密度達(dá)到了91．3％～99．6％。CoSb3塊體的晶粒尺寸隨著燒結(jié)溫度的降低而減小，而密度卻隨著燒結(jié)溫度的升高而增加。CoSb3納米晶塊體熱電材料的制備機(jī)理是MA使粉末晶粒細(xì)化到納米級(jí)，放電等離子燒結(jié)的快速、短時(shí)、低溫和特殊燒結(jié)機(jī)理顯著抑制了燒結(jié)時(shí)的晶粒長(zhǎng)大。

Abstract:以Sm和Sm2S3為靶材，采用雙靶子濺射系統(tǒng)，于單晶Si基板上成功制作了S-SmS和M-SmS微晶薄膜，并采用XRD，AFM和RBS及光學(xué)性能測(cè)定等測(cè)試手段對(duì)薄膜進(jìn)行了分析測(cè)試。結(jié)果表明：基板溫度低于200℃的情況下；或者在基板溫度為400℃，薄膜組成中Sm過(guò)量的條件下均可以直接獲得在常溫常壓下穩(wěn)定存在的M-SmS微晶薄膜。S-SmS和M-SmS微晶薄膜表現(xiàn)出明顯不同的光學(xué)特性。