4F水溶液中的陽極氧化為例，計算了電極電位，解釋了在低電壓下多孔陽極氧化物的形貌。結果表明，多孔陽極氧化物的生長由離子電流和電子電流的比值決定。陽極氧化過程中的金屬分為2類：一類是容易形成致密氧化層的金屬，另一類是容易導致氧氣析出的金屬。相應的，電解液也被分為2類：容易形成致密氧化層的電解液和容易導致氧氣析出的電解液。;The formation mechanism of porous anodic oxides remains unclear till now. The classical field-assisted dissolution (FAD) theory cannot explain the relationship between the current curve and FAD reaction, and the influence of the electrode potential on anodization is rarely reported. The electrode potential theory, oxygen bubble model and the ionic current and electronic current theories were introduced to explain the growth of porous anodic oxides of three metals (Ti, Zr and Fe). Taking the anodization of Ti in aqueous solution containing 0.5wt% NH4F as an example, the electrode potential was calculated, and the morphology of porous anodic oxides was investigated at low voltages. Results show that the growth of porous anodic oxides is determined by the ratio of the ionic current to the electronic current. During the anodization, metals are classified into two groups: one is easy to form the compact oxide layer, and the other is easy to induce oxygen releasing, thus forming oxygen bubbles. The electrolyte is also classified into two groups correspondingly: compact oxide layer-assisted electrolyte and releasing oxygen-assisted electrolyte."/>