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The pure Ti with different initial grain sizes which was annealed at 923 and 1023 K for 1 h was processed by ECAP at room temperature. The influence of initial grain size on microstructure and properties of ECAPed pure Ti was investigated by TEM, EBSD, tensile tests and microhardness tests at room temperature. The twinning behavior and deformation mechanism of pure Ti were also discussed during the ECAP. The results show that the initial grain size of pure Ti increases with increasing the annealing temperature. The grain refinement effect of pure Ti annealed at 1023 K is more significant than that of pure Ti annealed at 923 K after 1 pass of ECAP, while the microstructure of pure Ti annealed at 923 K is finer and more uniform than that of pure Ti annealed at 1023 K after 4 passes of ECAP. With the increase of ECAP pass, the yield stress increases, especially after 1 pass with more than 100% implication. The larger the initial grain size, the greater the stress increase. The deformation mechanisms of pure Ti during the ECAP include dislocation slips and deformation twinning, and with the increase of the initial grain size, the number of twins increases.