2基陶瓷;超高速撞擊;損傷行為;碎片云;防護構型"/> 2基陶瓷復合材料為緩沖屏的Whipple式防護構型(單層TiB2基陶瓷緩沖屏以及TiB2基陶瓷/鋁合金緩沖屏),利用二級輕氣炮在2.88 km/s ~7.32 km/s的撞擊速度范圍內(nèi)開展超高速撞擊實驗,并對上述緩沖屏與典型全鋁合金緩沖屏進行比較驗證。通過分析不同撞擊速度下緩沖屏的穿孔特征、后墻損傷特征、碎片云結構特征,并結合SEM微觀損傷形貌和EDS元素分布模式,重點闡述了不同緩沖屏材料特性與結構特性對碎片云形成以及后墻撞擊成坑之間的作用關系。研究表明,單層TiB2基陶瓷復合材料緩沖屏可以有效破碎鋁合金彈丸獲得更加細小的碎片云顆粒,由于碎片云動能被有效分散到更為廣泛的細小碎片顆粒當中,從而獲得比等面密度典型全鋁緩沖屏更為優(yōu)異的防護性能,且防護性能隨著撞擊速度的增加而有所提高。相反的,TiB2基陶瓷/鋁合金緩沖屏由于異質(zhì)材料之間波阻抗的明顯差異,在超高速撞擊下會導致陶瓷前面板的嚴重斷裂并造成鋁合金后板的花瓣狀破壞,且損傷程度隨著撞擊速度和彈丸尺寸的增加而更加顯著,由于不能有效細化碎片云顆粒,其防護效能反而低于等面密度典型全鋁緩沖屏。初步研究結果為新型TiB2基陶瓷復合材料在空間碎片防護領域的應用提供了一定的理論和技術支撐。"/>

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TiB2基陶瓷復合材料超高速撞擊損傷行為研究
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中國空氣動力研究與發(fā)展中心 超高速空氣動力研究所,中國空氣動力研究與發(fā)展中心 超高速空氣動力研究所,中國空氣動力研究與發(fā)展中心 超高速空氣動力研究所,中國空氣動力研究與發(fā)展中心 超高速空氣動力研究所,中國空氣動力研究與發(fā)展中心 超高速空氣動力研究所,中國空氣動力研究與發(fā)展中心 超高速空氣動力研究所,中國空氣動力研究與發(fā)展中心 超高速空氣動力研究所,中國空氣動力研究與發(fā)展中心 超高速空氣動力研究所

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國家自然科學基金資助(項目號51502338)


Investigation on Damage Behavior of TiB2-based Ceramic Composites under Hypervelocity Impact
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Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institure,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institure,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institure,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institure,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institure,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institure,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institure,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institure,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center

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    摘要:

    為了提高航天器對空間碎片的防護能力,本文設計了以TiB2基陶瓷復合材料為緩沖屏的Whipple式防護構型(單層TiB2基陶瓷緩沖屏以及TiB2基陶瓷/鋁合金緩沖屏),利用二級輕氣炮在2.88 km/s ~7.32 km/s的撞擊速度范圍內(nèi)開展超高速撞擊實驗,并對上述緩沖屏與典型全鋁合金緩沖屏進行比較驗證。通過分析不同撞擊速度下緩沖屏的穿孔特征、后墻損傷特征、碎片云結構特征,并結合SEM微觀損傷形貌和EDS元素分布模式,重點闡述了不同緩沖屏材料特性與結構特性對碎片云形成以及后墻撞擊成坑之間的作用關系。研究表明,單層TiB2基陶瓷復合材料緩沖屏可以有效破碎鋁合金彈丸獲得更加細小的碎片云顆粒,由于碎片云動能被有效分散到更為廣泛的細小碎片顆粒當中,從而獲得比等面密度典型全鋁緩沖屏更為優(yōu)異的防護性能,且防護性能隨著撞擊速度的增加而有所提高。相反的,TiB2基陶瓷/鋁合金緩沖屏由于異質(zhì)材料之間波阻抗的明顯差異,在超高速撞擊下會導致陶瓷前面板的嚴重斷裂并造成鋁合金后板的花瓣狀破壞,且損傷程度隨著撞擊速度和彈丸尺寸的增加而更加顯著,由于不能有效細化碎片云顆粒,其防護效能反而低于等面密度典型全鋁緩沖屏。初步研究結果為新型TiB2基陶瓷復合材料在空間碎片防護領域的應用提供了一定的理論和技術支撐。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the protective capability of spacecraft shielding configuration for hypervelocity impact of space debris, the Whipple-based shield configuration within the thin-plate bumpers of TiB2-based ceramic composites were manufacture(i.e. the monolayer bumper of ceramic plate, the double-layer bumper of ceramic/metal plate), the hypervelocity impact experiments were carried out on two-stage light-gas gun to compare the above novel bumpers with the typical aluminum alloy bumper under the impact velocity of 2.88 km/s ~7.32 km/s. The perforation characteristics of front bumper, the damage characteristics of rear wall and the structural characteristics of debris could were studied by combining the SEM fracture morphology and EDS elements distribution, especially, the relationship among the material properties and structure features of various bumpers, the formation process of debris clouds, the cratering mechanics of rear wall was discussed seriously. The study results showed that the monolayer ceramic bumper can effectively smash the projectile to smaller pieces in debris cloud, due to the impact kinetic energy of projectile fragments was distributed into the smaller particles of expanded debris cloud, the protective capability of the monolayer ceramic bumper exceed the typical aluminum alloy with equal areal density, moreover, the protective capability of the monolayer ceramic bumper was obviously promoted with the increasing impact velocity. On the other hand, for the double-layer ceramic/metal bumper, due to the difference in acoustic impedance between the ceramic and alumilun, the impact wace could cause the serious fracture in front ceramic plate as well as the curling deformation of rear aluminum plate, and the damge degree of ceramic/metal bumper increased in higher impact velocity. Because of the larger impact fragments and the smaller expanding bubble of the debris cloud, the protective capability of the double-layer ceramic/metal bumper is worse than the traditional aluminum bumper on the contrary. These primary results provide the theoretical and technological sopports for the space shielding application of TiB2-based ceramic composites.

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黃雪剛,黃潔,文雪忠,李晶,姜林,張軍,邢英麗,柳森. TiB2基陶瓷復合材料超高速撞擊損傷行為研究[J].稀有金屬材料與工程,2017,46(10):3081~3090.[Xuegang Huang, Jie Huang, Xuezhong Wen, Jing Li, Lin Jiang, Jun Zhang, Yingli Xing, Sen Liu. Investigation on Damage Behavior of TiB2-based Ceramic Composites under Hypervelocity Impact[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2017,46(10):3081~3090.]
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  • 收稿日期:2016-07-18
  • 最后修改日期:2016-11-14
  • 錄用日期:2016-12-02
  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-12-01
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