Methods for improving toughness in both inert and aggressive environments are discussed. Techniques described include crystal structure modification, microalloying, control of grain size or shape, reinforcement by ductile fibers or particles, and control of substructure. Meanwhile, the limitation of each of techniques above are also described.
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楊曉華 呂濤.金屬間化合物的增韌機(jī)理[J].稀有金屬材料與工程,1996,(4):1~4.[Yang Xiaohua, Lu Tao, Ding Huadong. Toughening Mechanisms of Intermetallics[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,1996,(4):1~4.] DOI：[doi]